Genetic mutations refer to changes in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome. These mutations can arise spontaneously or be induced by external factors such as radiation, chemicals, or viruses. Mutations can result in a variety of effects, ranging from no discernible impact to causing genetic disorders or diseases. Researchers study genetic mutations to understand their role in evolution, disease development, and inheritance patterns. They use various techniques such as genome sequencing, molecular biology, and bioinformatics to identify and analyze mutations and their potential impacts on organisms. Understanding genetic mutations is essential for developing personalized medicine, gene editing technologies, and improving our overall understanding of genetics and biology.